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Okaaaaaaayyyyyyyyy! Based on THIS Topic I started to write down some basic knowlegde of the german language. Tell me if you have suggestions to improve it or someting like that.


German – Basic knowledge



By Fox


This little course is made for the private use. You may use it to learn some basic German and you may copy it so long the credit is given to me.


1)

Deutsch – Sag Hallo!

Anna: Hallo Tom! Wie geht es dir?
Tom: Hallo Anna! Danke mir geht es gut.
Anna: Was hast du heute vor?
Tom: Ich werde schwimmen gehen. Möchtest du mitkommen?
Anna: Ja, gerne! Wann gehst du denn?
Tom: Ich werde um 8 Uhr gehen.
Anna: O.K.! Auf Wiedersehen.
Tom: Auf Wiedersehen.

German – Say hello!

Anna: Hello Tom! How are you?
Tom: Hello Anna! Thanks, I’m fine.
Anna: What are you doing today?
Tom: I’m going to swim. Do you want to come with me?
Anna: Yes, gladly. When will you go?
Tom: I will go at 8 o’clock.
Anna: O.K.! Good bye!
Tom: Good bye!



Word order

The word order in German is: Subject – Verb – Object.
Example: Der Mann isst Eis. [The man eats ice ]


Subjects

Subjects are written ALWAYS with a capital letter.
Example: Haus, Baum, Tisch [house, tree, desk]

If you want to say that you mean one special thing, for example the house where you pointing at, you say “Das Haus”. You would translate it with “That house”.

“Der” “Die” or “Das” is in the English language one word: “the”. One problem for some people that are learning German is finding the correct article. It’s pretty easy in English, but in German you just have to know which word belongs to which subject.
I will write the article in front of each subject in the vocabulary.


Verbs


Verbs are very simple at all:
The infinive is always a word like “essen”[to eat] or “gehen” [to go].
You can spot the infinive by the “-en” in the end. Here are the forms of “essen”

Ich esse [I eat]
Du isst [You eat]
Er/Sie/Es isst [He/She/It eats]
Wir essen [We eat]
Ihr esst [You eat]
Sie essen [They eat]

Normally you can build the forms by removing the –n or the –en and putting -t/-st.

In this forms are some exceptions: See at „Du isst“ and “Er/Sie/Es isst”. The infinive is “essen”. The “e” in the beginning turns to an “i”. I don’t know if there is any rule to say when such things happen, but for the moment I will write all (so many I can) those exceptions down here. We will come to that later.

The regular form looks like this:
Ich gehe [I go] (removed: n)
Du gehst [You go] (removed: en;added st [On some Words you only need to put a t in the end])
Er/Sie/Es geht [He/She/It goes] (removed en ; added t)
Wir gehen [We go] (removed: - ; added: -)
Ihr geht [You go] (removed: en ; added: t)
Sie gehen [They go] (removed: - ; added: -)

The word “sein” (to be)

The verb “sein” is a very flexible word, and just a matter of learning:
Ich bin (I am)
Du bist (You are)
Er/Sie/Es ist (He/She/It is)
Wir sind (We are)
Ihr seid (You are)
Sie sind (They are)

In sentences like „I am intelligent“ we use in German the following form:
“Ich bin intelligent”. You see? It’s very similar. You can translate those short sentences easily.

Longer sentences like “The house is big” you need to choose the correct form of the word “sein”. A house is not a person, so you have to use the “It-form” from He/She/It:
“Das Haus ist groß.”




Your first sentences

Practice is the best way of learning, so lets try it a bit. Don’t worry, I’ll help you a bit with that. With the explanation above, you should be able to create at least something like “I go” or whatever.
First I will give you some vocabulary:
(s) = subject ; (v) = verb (adj) = adjective
VERBS
to eat – essen (v)
to go – gehen (v)
to finish – beenden (v)
to say – sagen (v)
to speak – sprechen (v)
to write – schreiben (v)
to talk – unterhalten (v)
to drink – trinken (v)
to play – spielen (v)
to take – nehmen (v)
to be – sein (v)
to read – lesen (v)
SUBJECTS
the house – das Haus (s)
the Computer – der Computer (s)
the bottle – die Flasche(s)
the camera – die Kamera (s)
the lamp – die Lampe (s)
the book – das Buch (s)
the food – das Essen (s)
the letter (Mail) – der Brief
the dog – der Hund
the husky – der Husky
ADJECTIVES
beautiful – schön, wunderschön (adj)[wunderschön is a increase of schön]
nice – nett (adj)
bright – hell (adj)
dark – dunkel (adj)
intelligent – intelligent (adj)
big – groß (adj)
Okay: I give you an example and you try to translate the following sentences.
I eat the food [Ich esse das Essen]

Now you:
I take the camera.
I read the book.
You are nice.
The lamp is bright.
Dusty is beautiful. ( )


Okay, that should it be for the moment. TO BE CONTINUED!!

thats cool. Can you tell us how to pronounce words or no? And do you know how to write 'STOP STARING AT ME' because i can say it

That's cool,that must of taken you long to write.

mh yes I could... "Hör auf mich anzustarren" -> "Stop starring at me"

Well... the pronounce could be a bit difficult... i have no idea how i should od that ^^ wll i try:

H -> house
ö -> turn (in the middle of that word...)
r -> umm...
a -> mother
u -> zoom
f -> father
z -> ummm...
ch -> ummm....
i -> pip
m -> mother
st -> sht (english sh + engl. t)
e -> Jenny
n -> nanny

Wow... thats hard... I need a better Webspace... then i could upload a few examples...

I should have a go at German after I learn more Russian.

Danke, Fox. Now I try:

I take the camera. = Ich nehme die Kamera.
I read the book. = Ich lese das Buch.
You are nice. = Du bist nett.
The lamp is bright. = Die Lampe ist hell.
Dusty is beautiful. = Dusty ist schön.

Is it right?

EDIT: question: Does "das Haus" mean "that house" or "the house"? I'm confused.

2nd EDIT: other question: how is the pronunce of this strange letter "ß"?

Nach mulle tää on turhaa ei tartte sakua suomessa Ja sitä en aijo edes opettaa XD

Nach for me this is useless...I don't need German in Finland, And I'm not going to even teach it.

Good German thingy I got it in school...might print this page out

1) Corrcet
2) "Das Haus" can be "the huose" and "that house". You use "that house", for example if you point at a definite house.
3) The letter "ß" is pronounced as a sharp "s".. I would upload some examples, but my Webspaceprovider does not allow .wav or .mp3 files on it.

Gut! Ich warte!

i took german in school a while ago, but i cant remember much of it this should help me remember

Objects

Objects are Subjects, but in an other place of the sentences. In the sentences “Der Mann isst Eis” is “Eis” the object, but “Mann” could be an object, too. More of that later.

The Dative and the Genitive article

“Die Lampe gehört dem Mann” -> “The lamp belongs to the man”


There is an other that is a bit difficult to explain:
“dem” is the dative article. The genitive article is: “des”.

How to use them:

You can translate “dem” with “to the” and “des” with “of the”
Examples:
“Die Lampe gehört dem Mann.” -> „The lamp belongs to the man.“ [better: The man’s book]
„Das Buch des Mannes.“ -> „The book of the man.“

In the last example you can see that there is a “-es” on the word “Mann”.
This is a part of the genitive article. An other example is:
“Wegen des Spieles”. [Because of the game].
Sometimes the “e” is not pronounced, but sometimes it is. You have to look what you can say more easily. Example: “Wegen des Tisches” – here you would pronounce the “e”, because without it you wouldn’t be able to say it correctly.

Vocabulary:
Because – wegen, weil [konj] [“wegen” and “weil” is a bit difficulty: I English it is both “because” but in German you distinguish between two words. “Wegen” is mostly used in sentences like: “Because of the animal”, and “weil” “I’m hungry, because I only ate an apple.”
SUBJECTS
table – [der] Tisch (s)
desk – [der] Schreibtisch (s)
town – [die] Stadt (small) (s)
city – [die]Großstadt, [die] Innenstadt [Großstadt is a very big city; Innenstadt is the inner part of a city]
VERBS
to belong – gehören (v)
to write – schreiben (v)
to hear – hören (v)
to come – kommen (v)
PRÄPSITIONS
in – in (präp) [„I am in the house“ -> “Ich bin in dem Haus”]
into – in (präp) [“I go into the town” -> “Ich gehe in die Stadt”]
ADJECTIVES
tall – groß [“The person is tall” -> “Die Person ist groß”]
big – groß [“The house is big” -> “Das Haus ist groß”]

If you have questions, please ask... I won’t bite you



Now you: Translate the following sentences:
“I come into the town”
“The city is beautiful”
“The desk is big”




Okay... that’s it for the moment. TO BE CONTINUED

I come into the town = Ich comme in die Stadt.
The city is beautiful = Die Großstadt ist schön.
The desk is big = Der Schreibtisch (omg) ist groß.

(Luckly I know Latin, so I've not problem to understand dative end genitive)

Do the pronouns and the name have to be written with the capital letter?

"der" "die" and "das" have to be written without a capital letter, except on a beginning of a sentences.
The Subjects are ALWAYS written with a capital latter.

Later, are there some other versions of the placement of "der", "die" and "das"... I'll explain it later to avoid confusions...

Btw: In the first sentences is a spelling mistake: it haste to be "komme"... the others are fine

Ops, you're right, lol.

I meant the pronouns (ich, du, etc) and the name (Lucy, Nick, George, etc).

Names are always spelled with a capital letter, and ich, du, er... is spelled always without a capital letter, except at the beginning of a sentences.